Expro’s ADS team include experienced chemists and combined with well equipped laboratories, deliver a high end water characterisation and elemental analysis service. Five ion chromatography systems (Dionex) coupled to a range of detectors including conductivity, electrochemical, UV-vis detection and refractive index, two ICP-OES automated titrators, ion selective electrodes and an array of bench top analysers provide a comprehensive analytical capability for the determination of ionic composition.
Expro’s ADS team carry out characterisation of the following oilfield waters on a regular basis:
Stabilised Waters – (preserved with NaOH for organic acids preserved with HCl for cations and metals and unpreserved for anions)
Pressurised Waters (from bottom hole samplers)
Core Waters – (very low volumes (as low as 0.03 mL), from hydrocarbon zone)
Trace Water in Oil - (where there is no free water but characterisation of associated water is desired)
Analysis Conducted on Oilfield Waters
Typically a standard analysis package will include the following:
Filtration – (centrifugation or filtration at 0.2 μm).
pH measurement by pH electrode
Density determination at a temperature range 10 – 80 ˚C using an Anton Paar 4100
Chloride by potentiometric titration, using Metrohm titrators and titrodes, with standardised silver nitrate as titrant
Anions by Ion Chromatography (sulphate using suppressed conductivity and bromide by UV at 205 nm).
Organic acid anions (VFA C1 – C5) and bicarbonate (by Ion Exclusion Chromatography)
Cations by ICP-OES (Li, Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, B, S, P, Si).
Where necessary further analytes can also be determined:
Other Anions by Ion Chromatography (iodide, thiosulphate, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, dicarboxylic acid anions).
Fluoride by Ion Selective Electrode
Ammonium by IC or Colorimetry
Total Iron by ICP-AES
Cyanide and Sulphide by Colorimetry
Other Metals by ICP-OES (Ag, Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Ni, Co).
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS).
Oilfield Water Characterisation
Expro’s ADS team carry out characterisation of the following oilfield waters on a regular basis:
Analysis Conducted on Oilfield Waters
Typically a standard analysis package will include the following:
Where necessary further analytes can also be determined: